Integrand size = 12, antiderivative size = 133 \[ \int \frac {1}{(a+b \cos (c+d x))^3} \, dx=\frac {\left (2 a^2+b^2\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {a-b} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )}{\sqrt {a+b}}\right )}{(a-b)^{5/2} (a+b)^{5/2} d}-\frac {b \sin (c+d x)}{2 \left (a^2-b^2\right ) d (a+b \cos (c+d x))^2}-\frac {3 a b \sin (c+d x)}{2 \left (a^2-b^2\right )^2 d (a+b \cos (c+d x))} \]
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Time = 0.14 (sec) , antiderivative size = 133, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 5, number of rules used = 5, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.417, Rules used = {2743, 2833, 12, 2738, 211} \[ \int \frac {1}{(a+b \cos (c+d x))^3} \, dx=\frac {\left (2 a^2+b^2\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {a-b} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )}{\sqrt {a+b}}\right )}{d (a-b)^{5/2} (a+b)^{5/2}}-\frac {3 a b \sin (c+d x)}{2 d \left (a^2-b^2\right )^2 (a+b \cos (c+d x))}-\frac {b \sin (c+d x)}{2 d \left (a^2-b^2\right ) (a+b \cos (c+d x))^2} \]
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Rule 12
Rule 211
Rule 2738
Rule 2743
Rule 2833
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = -\frac {b \sin (c+d x)}{2 \left (a^2-b^2\right ) d (a+b \cos (c+d x))^2}-\frac {\int \frac {-2 a+b \cos (c+d x)}{(a+b \cos (c+d x))^2} \, dx}{2 \left (a^2-b^2\right )} \\ & = -\frac {b \sin (c+d x)}{2 \left (a^2-b^2\right ) d (a+b \cos (c+d x))^2}-\frac {3 a b \sin (c+d x)}{2 \left (a^2-b^2\right )^2 d (a+b \cos (c+d x))}+\frac {\int \frac {2 a^2+b^2}{a+b \cos (c+d x)} \, dx}{2 \left (a^2-b^2\right )^2} \\ & = -\frac {b \sin (c+d x)}{2 \left (a^2-b^2\right ) d (a+b \cos (c+d x))^2}-\frac {3 a b \sin (c+d x)}{2 \left (a^2-b^2\right )^2 d (a+b \cos (c+d x))}+\frac {\left (2 a^2+b^2\right ) \int \frac {1}{a+b \cos (c+d x)} \, dx}{2 \left (a^2-b^2\right )^2} \\ & = -\frac {b \sin (c+d x)}{2 \left (a^2-b^2\right ) d (a+b \cos (c+d x))^2}-\frac {3 a b \sin (c+d x)}{2 \left (a^2-b^2\right )^2 d (a+b \cos (c+d x))}+\frac {\left (2 a^2+b^2\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{a+b+(a-b) x^2} \, dx,x,\tan \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )\right )}{\left (a^2-b^2\right )^2 d} \\ & = \frac {\left (2 a^2+b^2\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {a-b} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )}{\sqrt {a+b}}\right )}{(a-b)^{5/2} (a+b)^{5/2} d}-\frac {b \sin (c+d x)}{2 \left (a^2-b^2\right ) d (a+b \cos (c+d x))^2}-\frac {3 a b \sin (c+d x)}{2 \left (a^2-b^2\right )^2 d (a+b \cos (c+d x))} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.31 (sec) , antiderivative size = 113, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.85 \[ \int \frac {1}{(a+b \cos (c+d x))^3} \, dx=\frac {-\frac {2 \left (2 a^2+b^2\right ) \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {(a-b) \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )}{\sqrt {-a^2+b^2}}\right )}{\left (-a^2+b^2\right )^{5/2}}+\frac {b \left (-4 a^2+b^2-3 a b \cos (c+d x)\right ) \sin (c+d x)}{(a-b)^2 (a+b)^2 (a+b \cos (c+d x))^2}}{2 d} \]
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Time = 1.17 (sec) , antiderivative size = 182, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.37
method | result | size |
derivativedivides | \(\frac {\frac {-\frac {\left (4 a +b \right ) b \left (\tan ^{3}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}{\left (a -b \right ) \left (a^{2}+2 a b +b^{2}\right )}-\frac {\left (4 a -b \right ) b \tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )}{\left (a +b \right ) \left (a^{2}-2 a b +b^{2}\right )}}{{\left (\left (\tan ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right ) a -b \left (\tan ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )+a +b \right )}^{2}}+\frac {\left (2 a^{2}+b^{2}\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\left (a -b \right ) \tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )}{\sqrt {\left (a -b \right ) \left (a +b \right )}}\right )}{\left (a^{4}-2 a^{2} b^{2}+b^{4}\right ) \sqrt {\left (a -b \right ) \left (a +b \right )}}}{d}\) | \(182\) |
default | \(\frac {\frac {-\frac {\left (4 a +b \right ) b \left (\tan ^{3}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}{\left (a -b \right ) \left (a^{2}+2 a b +b^{2}\right )}-\frac {\left (4 a -b \right ) b \tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )}{\left (a +b \right ) \left (a^{2}-2 a b +b^{2}\right )}}{{\left (\left (\tan ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right ) a -b \left (\tan ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )+a +b \right )}^{2}}+\frac {\left (2 a^{2}+b^{2}\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\left (a -b \right ) \tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )}{\sqrt {\left (a -b \right ) \left (a +b \right )}}\right )}{\left (a^{4}-2 a^{2} b^{2}+b^{4}\right ) \sqrt {\left (a -b \right ) \left (a +b \right )}}}{d}\) | \(182\) |
risch | \(-\frac {i \left (2 a^{2} b \,{\mathrm e}^{3 i \left (d x +c \right )}+b^{3} {\mathrm e}^{3 i \left (d x +c \right )}+6 a^{3} {\mathrm e}^{2 i \left (d x +c \right )}+3 a \,b^{2} {\mathrm e}^{2 i \left (d x +c \right )}+10 a^{2} b \,{\mathrm e}^{i \left (d x +c \right )}-b^{3} {\mathrm e}^{i \left (d x +c \right )}+3 a \,b^{2}\right )}{\left (a^{2}-b^{2}\right )^{2} d \left (b \,{\mathrm e}^{2 i \left (d x +c \right )}+2 a \,{\mathrm e}^{i \left (d x +c \right )}+b \right )^{2}}-\frac {a^{2} \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{i \left (d x +c \right )}+\frac {i a^{2}-i b^{2}+a \sqrt {-a^{2}+b^{2}}}{b \sqrt {-a^{2}+b^{2}}}\right )}{\sqrt {-a^{2}+b^{2}}\, \left (a +b \right )^{2} \left (a -b \right )^{2} d}-\frac {\ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{i \left (d x +c \right )}+\frac {i a^{2}-i b^{2}+a \sqrt {-a^{2}+b^{2}}}{b \sqrt {-a^{2}+b^{2}}}\right ) b^{2}}{2 \sqrt {-a^{2}+b^{2}}\, \left (a +b \right )^{2} \left (a -b \right )^{2} d}+\frac {\ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{i \left (d x +c \right )}-\frac {i a^{2}-i b^{2}-a \sqrt {-a^{2}+b^{2}}}{b \sqrt {-a^{2}+b^{2}}}\right ) a^{2}}{\sqrt {-a^{2}+b^{2}}\, \left (a +b \right )^{2} \left (a -b \right )^{2} d}+\frac {\ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{i \left (d x +c \right )}-\frac {i a^{2}-i b^{2}-a \sqrt {-a^{2}+b^{2}}}{b \sqrt {-a^{2}+b^{2}}}\right ) b^{2}}{2 \sqrt {-a^{2}+b^{2}}\, \left (a +b \right )^{2} \left (a -b \right )^{2} d}\) | \(474\) |
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Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 258 vs. \(2 (120) = 240\).
Time = 0.29 (sec) , antiderivative size = 585, normalized size of antiderivative = 4.40 \[ \int \frac {1}{(a+b \cos (c+d x))^3} \, dx=\left [-\frac {{\left (2 \, a^{4} + a^{2} b^{2} + {\left (2 \, a^{2} b^{2} + b^{4}\right )} \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{2} + 2 \, {\left (2 \, a^{3} b + a b^{3}\right )} \cos \left (d x + c\right )\right )} \sqrt {-a^{2} + b^{2}} \log \left (\frac {2 \, a b \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + {\left (2 \, a^{2} - b^{2}\right )} \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{2} + 2 \, \sqrt {-a^{2} + b^{2}} {\left (a \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + b\right )} \sin \left (d x + c\right ) - a^{2} + 2 \, b^{2}}{b^{2} \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{2} + 2 \, a b \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + a^{2}}\right ) + 2 \, {\left (4 \, a^{4} b - 5 \, a^{2} b^{3} + b^{5} + 3 \, {\left (a^{3} b^{2} - a b^{4}\right )} \cos \left (d x + c\right )\right )} \sin \left (d x + c\right )}{4 \, {\left ({\left (a^{6} b^{2} - 3 \, a^{4} b^{4} + 3 \, a^{2} b^{6} - b^{8}\right )} d \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{2} + 2 \, {\left (a^{7} b - 3 \, a^{5} b^{3} + 3 \, a^{3} b^{5} - a b^{7}\right )} d \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + {\left (a^{8} - 3 \, a^{6} b^{2} + 3 \, a^{4} b^{4} - a^{2} b^{6}\right )} d\right )}}, \frac {{\left (2 \, a^{4} + a^{2} b^{2} + {\left (2 \, a^{2} b^{2} + b^{4}\right )} \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{2} + 2 \, {\left (2 \, a^{3} b + a b^{3}\right )} \cos \left (d x + c\right )\right )} \sqrt {a^{2} - b^{2}} \arctan \left (-\frac {a \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + b}{\sqrt {a^{2} - b^{2}} \sin \left (d x + c\right )}\right ) - {\left (4 \, a^{4} b - 5 \, a^{2} b^{3} + b^{5} + 3 \, {\left (a^{3} b^{2} - a b^{4}\right )} \cos \left (d x + c\right )\right )} \sin \left (d x + c\right )}{2 \, {\left ({\left (a^{6} b^{2} - 3 \, a^{4} b^{4} + 3 \, a^{2} b^{6} - b^{8}\right )} d \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{2} + 2 \, {\left (a^{7} b - 3 \, a^{5} b^{3} + 3 \, a^{3} b^{5} - a b^{7}\right )} d \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + {\left (a^{8} - 3 \, a^{6} b^{2} + 3 \, a^{4} b^{4} - a^{2} b^{6}\right )} d\right )}}\right ] \]
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Timed out. \[ \int \frac {1}{(a+b \cos (c+d x))^3} \, dx=\text {Timed out} \]
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Exception generated. \[ \int \frac {1}{(a+b \cos (c+d x))^3} \, dx=\text {Exception raised: ValueError} \]
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Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 251 vs. \(2 (120) = 240\).
Time = 0.30 (sec) , antiderivative size = 251, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.89 \[ \int \frac {1}{(a+b \cos (c+d x))^3} \, dx=-\frac {\frac {{\left (\pi \left \lfloor \frac {d x + c}{2 \, \pi } + \frac {1}{2} \right \rfloor \mathrm {sgn}\left (-2 \, a + 2 \, b\right ) + \arctan \left (-\frac {a \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right ) - b \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right )}{\sqrt {a^{2} - b^{2}}}\right )\right )} {\left (2 \, a^{2} + b^{2}\right )}}{{\left (a^{4} - 2 \, a^{2} b^{2} + b^{4}\right )} \sqrt {a^{2} - b^{2}}} + \frac {4 \, a^{2} b \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right )^{3} - 3 \, a b^{2} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right )^{3} - b^{3} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right )^{3} + 4 \, a^{2} b \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right ) + 3 \, a b^{2} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right ) - b^{3} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right )}{{\left (a^{4} - 2 \, a^{2} b^{2} + b^{4}\right )} {\left (a \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right )^{2} - b \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right )^{2} + a + b\right )}^{2}}}{d} \]
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Time = 16.63 (sec) , antiderivative size = 203, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.53 \[ \int \frac {1}{(a+b \cos (c+d x))^3} \, dx=\frac {\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )\,\left (2\,a-2\,b\right )\,\left (a^2-2\,a\,b+b^2\right )}{2\,\sqrt {a+b}\,{\left (a-b\right )}^{5/2}}\right )\,\left (2\,a^2+b^2\right )}{d\,{\left (a+b\right )}^{5/2}\,{\left (a-b\right )}^{5/2}}-\frac {\frac {{\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^3\,\left (b^2+4\,a\,b\right )}{{\left (a+b\right )}^2\,\left (a-b\right )}+\frac {\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )\,\left (4\,a\,b-b^2\right )}{\left (a+b\right )\,\left (a^2-2\,a\,b+b^2\right )}}{d\,\left (2\,a\,b+{\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^2\,\left (2\,a^2-2\,b^2\right )+{\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^4\,\left (a^2-2\,a\,b+b^2\right )+a^2+b^2\right )} \]
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